// Sources/SwiftProtobuf/BinaryEncodingVisitor.swift - Binary encoding support
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2016 Apple Inc. and the project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See LICENSE.txt for license information:
// https://github.com/apple/swift-protobuf/blob/main/LICENSE.txt
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// Core support for protobuf binary encoding.  Note that this is built
/// on the general traversal machinery.
///
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

import Foundation

/// Visitor that encodes a message graph in the protobuf binary wire format.
internal struct BinaryEncodingVisitor: Visitor {
    private let options: BinaryEncodingOptions

    var encoder: BinaryEncoder

    /// Creates a new visitor that writes the binary-coded message into the memory
    /// at the given pointer.
    ///
    /// - Precondition: `pointer` must point to an allocated block of memory that
    ///   is large enough to hold the entire encoded message. For performance
    ///   reasons, the encoder does not make any attempts to verify this.
    init(forWritingInto buffer: UnsafeMutableRawBufferPointer, options: BinaryEncodingOptions) {
        self.encoder = BinaryEncoder(forWritingInto: buffer)
        self.options = options
    }

    mutating func visitUnknown(bytes: Data) throws {
        encoder.appendUnknown(data: bytes)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularFloatField(value: Float, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .fixed32)
        encoder.putFloatValue(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularDoubleField(value: Double, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .fixed64)
        encoder.putDoubleValue(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularInt64Field(value: Int64, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularUInt64Field(value: UInt64(bitPattern: value), fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularUInt64Field(value: UInt64, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .varint)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularSInt32Field(value: Int32, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularSInt64Field(value: Int64(value), fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularSInt64Field(value: Int64, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularUInt64Field(value: ZigZag.encoded(value), fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularFixed32Field(value: UInt32, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .fixed32)
        encoder.putFixedUInt32(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularFixed64Field(value: UInt64, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .fixed64)
        encoder.putFixedUInt64(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularSFixed32Field(value: Int32, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularFixed32Field(value: UInt32(bitPattern: value), fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularSFixed64Field(value: Int64, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularFixed64Field(value: UInt64(bitPattern: value), fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularBoolField(value: Bool, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        try visitSingularUInt64Field(value: value ? 1 : 0, fieldNumber: fieldNumber)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularStringField(value: String, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putStringValue(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularBytesField(value: Data, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putBytesValue(value: value)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularEnumField<E: Enum>(
        value: E,
        fieldNumber: Int
    ) throws {
        try visitSingularUInt64Field(
            value: UInt64(bitPattern: Int64(value.rawValue)),
            fieldNumber: fieldNumber
        )
    }

    mutating func visitSingularMessageField<M: Message>(
        value: M,
        fieldNumber: Int
    ) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let length = try value.serializedDataSize()
        encoder.putVarInt(value: length)
        try value.traverse(visitor: &self)
    }

    mutating func visitSingularGroupField<G: Message>(value: G, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .startGroup)
        try value.traverse(visitor: &self)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .endGroup)
    }

    // Repeated fields are handled by the default implementations in Visitor.swift

    // Packed Fields

    mutating func visitPackedFloatField(value: [Float], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<Float>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putFloatValue(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedDoubleField(value: [Double], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<Double>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putDoubleValue(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedInt32Field(value: [Int32], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: $1) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: Int64(v))
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedInt64Field(value: [Int64], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: $1) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedSInt32Field(value: [Int32], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: ZigZag.encoded($1)) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putZigZagVarInt(value: Int64(v))
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedSInt64Field(value: [Int64], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: ZigZag.encoded($1)) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putZigZagVarInt(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedUInt32Field(value: [UInt32], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: $1) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: UInt64(v))
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedUInt64Field(value: [UInt64], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) { $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: $1) }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedFixed32Field(value: [UInt32], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<UInt32>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putFixedUInt32(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedFixed64Field(value: [UInt64], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<UInt64>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putFixedUInt64(value: v)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedSFixed32Field(value: [Int32], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<Int32>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putFixedUInt32(value: UInt32(bitPattern: v))
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedSFixed64Field(value: [Int64], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count * MemoryLayout<Int64>.size)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putFixedUInt64(value: UInt64(bitPattern: v))
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedBoolField(value: [Bool], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        encoder.putVarInt(value: value.count)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: v ? 1 : 0)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitPackedEnumField<E: Enum>(value: [E], fieldNumber: Int) throws {
        assert(!value.isEmpty)
        encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
        let packedSize = value.reduce(0) {
            $0 + Varint.encodedSize(of: Int32(truncatingIfNeeded: $1.rawValue))
        }
        encoder.putVarInt(value: packedSize)
        for v in value {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: v.rawValue)
        }
    }

    mutating func visitMapField<KeyType, ValueType: MapValueType>(
        fieldType: _ProtobufMap<KeyType, ValueType>.Type,
        value: _ProtobufMap<KeyType, ValueType>.BaseType,
        fieldNumber: Int
    ) throws {
        try iterateAndEncode(
            map: value,
            fieldNumber: fieldNumber,
            isOrderedBefore: KeyType._lessThan,
            encodeWithSizer: { sizer, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &sizer)
                try ValueType.visitSingular(value: value, fieldNumber: 2, with: &sizer)
            },
            encodeWithVisitor: { visitor, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &visitor)
                try ValueType.visitSingular(value: value, fieldNumber: 2, with: &visitor)
            }
        )
    }

    mutating func visitMapField<KeyType, ValueType>(
        fieldType: _ProtobufEnumMap<KeyType, ValueType>.Type,
        value: _ProtobufEnumMap<KeyType, ValueType>.BaseType,
        fieldNumber: Int
    ) throws where ValueType.RawValue == Int {
        try iterateAndEncode(
            map: value,
            fieldNumber: fieldNumber,
            isOrderedBefore: KeyType._lessThan,
            encodeWithSizer: { sizer, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &sizer)
                try sizer.visitSingularEnumField(value: value, fieldNumber: 2)
            },
            encodeWithVisitor: { visitor, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &visitor)
                try visitor.visitSingularEnumField(value: value, fieldNumber: 2)
            }
        )
    }

    mutating func visitMapField<KeyType, ValueType>(
        fieldType: _ProtobufMessageMap<KeyType, ValueType>.Type,
        value: _ProtobufMessageMap<KeyType, ValueType>.BaseType,
        fieldNumber: Int
    ) throws {
        try iterateAndEncode(
            map: value,
            fieldNumber: fieldNumber,
            isOrderedBefore: KeyType._lessThan,
            encodeWithSizer: { sizer, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &sizer)
                try sizer.visitSingularMessageField(value: value, fieldNumber: 2)
            },
            encodeWithVisitor: { visitor, key, value in
                try KeyType.visitSingular(value: key, fieldNumber: 1, with: &visitor)
                try visitor.visitSingularMessageField(value: value, fieldNumber: 2)
            }
        )
    }

    /// Helper to encapsulate the common structure of iterating over a map
    /// and encoding the keys and values.
    private mutating func iterateAndEncode<K, V>(
        map: [K: V],
        fieldNumber: Int,
        isOrderedBefore: (K, K) -> Bool,
        encodeWithSizer: (inout BinaryEncodingSizeVisitor, K, V) throws -> Void,
        encodeWithVisitor: (inout BinaryEncodingVisitor, K, V) throws -> Void
    ) throws {
        if options.useDeterministicOrdering {
            for (k, v) in map.sorted(by: { isOrderedBefore($0.0, $1.0) }) {
                encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
                var sizer = BinaryEncodingSizeVisitor()
                try encodeWithSizer(&sizer, k, v)
                let entrySize = sizer.serializedSize
                encoder.putVarInt(value: entrySize)
                try encodeWithVisitor(&self, k, v)
            }
        } else {
            for (k, v) in map {
                encoder.startField(fieldNumber: fieldNumber, wireFormat: .lengthDelimited)
                var sizer = BinaryEncodingSizeVisitor()
                try encodeWithSizer(&sizer, k, v)
                let entrySize = sizer.serializedSize
                encoder.putVarInt(value: entrySize)
                try encodeWithVisitor(&self, k, v)
            }
        }
    }

    mutating func visitExtensionFieldsAsMessageSet(
        fields: ExtensionFieldValueSet,
        start: Int,
        end: Int
    ) throws {
        var subVisitor = BinaryEncodingMessageSetVisitor(encoder: encoder, options: options)
        try fields.traverse(visitor: &subVisitor, start: start, end: end)
        encoder = subVisitor.encoder
    }
}

extension BinaryEncodingVisitor {

    // Helper Visitor to when writing out the extensions as MessageSets.
    internal struct BinaryEncodingMessageSetVisitor: SelectiveVisitor {
        private let options: BinaryEncodingOptions

        var encoder: BinaryEncoder

        init(encoder: BinaryEncoder, options: BinaryEncodingOptions) {
            self.options = options
            self.encoder = encoder
        }

        mutating func visitSingularMessageField<M: Message>(value: M, fieldNumber: Int) throws {
            encoder.putVarInt(value: Int64(WireFormat.MessageSet.Tags.itemStart.rawValue))

            encoder.putVarInt(value: Int64(WireFormat.MessageSet.Tags.typeId.rawValue))
            encoder.putVarInt(value: fieldNumber)

            encoder.putVarInt(value: Int64(WireFormat.MessageSet.Tags.message.rawValue))

            // Use a normal BinaryEncodingVisitor so any message fields end up in the
            // normal wire format (instead of MessageSet format).
            let length = try value.serializedDataSize()
            encoder.putVarInt(value: length)
            // Create the sub encoder after writing the length.
            var subVisitor = BinaryEncodingVisitor(
                forWritingInto: encoder.remainder,
                options: options
            )
            try value.traverse(visitor: &subVisitor)
            encoder.advance(subVisitor.encoder.used)

            encoder.putVarInt(value: Int64(WireFormat.MessageSet.Tags.itemEnd.rawValue))
        }

        // SelectiveVisitor handles the rest.
    }
}